Effects of anthropogenic contaminants on soil and groundwater of “Kalinovac-Hrastova Greda” region : master's thesis

Predmet istraživanja ovog diplomskog rada su uzorci tla s područja Kalinovca i Hrastove Grede. Cilj rada bio je utvrditi utjecaj antropogenih onečišćivala na tlo i podzemnu vodu spomenutog područja. Laboratorijske analize uzoraka tla uključuju: pH, električnu vodljivost (EC), granulometrijski sastav, kapacitet kationske zamjene tla (CEC), sekvencijsku ekstrakcijsku analizu (BCR) metala te mineralošku analizu difrakcijom na prahu (XRD). Tlo je na lokaciji blago kiselo u prvih 70 cm profila, dok je na dubini 70 do 100 cm izrazito kiselo. S porastom dubine raste i udio većih čestica tla. Vrijednosti CEC-a dobro koreliraju sa promjenama u granulometrijskom sastavu. Primjenom XRD-a utvrđene su pojave minerala goethita što se podudara s prijašnjim istraživanjima na ovom području. BCR analizom utvrđeno je da izmjerene koncentracije metala (Cd, Cu, Zn) ne prelaze maksimalno dozvoljene vrijednosti (MDK) koje su propisane Pravilnikom o zaštiti poljoprivrednog zemljišta od onečišćenja (NN 71/19). Ukupne koncentracije As na dubini tla od 0 do 40 cm prekoračuju MDK vrijednosti, međutim najveći dio elementa vezan je u rezidualnoj frakciji što As čini nedostupnim u trenutnim uvjetima okoliša. Visoke koncentracije mogu se objasniti taloženjem materijala s povećanim sadržajem As za vrijeme izlaska rijeke Drave iz korita i plavljenja okolnih riječnih terasa.The subject of this study were soil samples of the Kalinovac-Hrastova Greda region. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the anthropogenic contaminants on soil and groundwater of the Kalinovac-Hrastova Greda region. The laboratory analysis of soil samples includes: pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil texture, cation exchange capacity (CEC), sequential extraction analysis (BCR) of metals, and mineralogical analysis using x-ray diffraction (XRD). The soil on the location is slightly acidic in the first 70 cm of the profile, while it is considerably acidic on the depth 70-100 cm. An increase in depth is followed by an increase in particle size. CEC values correlate well with the soil texture. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of mineral goethite which is in correspondence with previous investigations in the study area. BCR showed that the measured concentrations of metals (Cd, Cu, Zn) do not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations issued by the Croatian Ministry of Agriculture (NN 71/19). Concentrations of As in the first 40 cm of soil profile exceed the maximum permissible concentrations, however most of the As is associated with a residual fraction of the soil which makes it unavailable at the present conditions. High concentrations of As can be explained by the deposition of As-enriched material during the flooding events of the Drava river